Heating oil, known in Croatian as lož ulje, is one of the most important fossil fuels, used for heating homes, in industrial processes and as fuel for certain types of ships and vehicles. Heating oil is a crude oil distillate, and its main purpose is to provide heat economically and efficiently.
Types of heating oil
Heating oil comes in several varieties, which differ in viscosity, density and purpose:
- Light heating oils (LUEL)
Used mainly for home heating. They have lower viscosity and emit fewer harmful substances. - Heavy heating oils (TUEL)
Intended for industrial plants such as power stations and factories. They have a higher energy value but need a special combustion system because of their density. - Marine Fuel Oil (MFO)
A special type of heavy fuel oil used as fuel for ships, especially in international shipping.
Uses of heating oil
1. Home heating
Heating oil is used in boilers to heat homes that aren’t connected to the gas grid. This is especially common in rural areas.
2. Industry
Industrial plants use it to power steam boilers, generate electricity and heat-treat materials.
3. Transport
Especially in the maritime sector, heating oil provides economical power for ship engines.
Advantages and disadvantages of heating oil
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| High energy efficiency | High CO2 and sulphur emissions |
| Economical heating option | Limited availability in some regions |
| Stable source of heat | Regulatory restrictions in the EU |
Price of heating oil in Croatia
The price of heating oil in Croatia depends on:
- The quality and type of oil (light or heavy)
- International crude oil prices
- Excise duties and VAT
Currently, light heating oil costs €1.20–1.50 per litre, while heavy heating oil is cheaper, at between €0.70 and €1.00 per litre. Note, however, that prices often fluctuate with market conditions.
Environmental aspects of heating oil
Heating oil, especially the heavy varieties, raises concerns because of high greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. European Union regulations require a reduction in the sulphur content of heating oils to limit their environmental impact.
Alternatives to heating oil
- Natural gas: a more environmentally friendly and efficient heating option.
- Pellets and biomass: renewable energy sources with lower emissions.
- Electricity: suitable for households, although more expensive than heating oil.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Yes, but availability may vary in remote areas. Larger towns are supplied by distributors such as INA, while smaller places often rely on local suppliers.
Although they come from the same source (crude oil), heating oil has a higher sulphur content and different combustion characteristics.
Heating oil should be kept in suitable tanks at temperatures above freezing to prevent it from thickening.